International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who

Former President, Inter-American Development Bank; born: 1953, Philadelphia, USA; languages: Spanish; education: Florida Int. Univ., Bachelor in Business Admin. and Economics, 1971-75; Thunderbird Univ., Phoenix, Arizona, MBA, American Graduate Sch. of Int. Management, 1976-77; Harvard Univ. Neiman Fellow, 1990-91; political career: Minister of Economic Development, 1992-94; Campaign Manager of Andres Pastran, 1994; professional career: Division Man., Praco, Colombia, 1977-82; Exec. Producer of nationwide nightly news program, and other entertainm…

Former President, Ecuador; born: 1953; party: Alianza Pais; political career: Vice Pres., Ecuador, 2007-13; President, 2017-2021.

Mexican, Former Executive Secretary, Inter-American Commission on Women; professional career: Diplomat; Mexican Ambassador to Costa Rica & Guatemala; Perm. Rep. of Mexcio to the OAS; Eminent Amb., 1994; Dir., UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW, now part of UN-Women), 2003-09; Exec. Sec., Inter-American Commission on Women, 2009-19.

Former British Ambassador to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, British Embassy; education: Trinity College, Cambridge; professional career: joined Dept. of Trade and Industry, 1985; First Sec., British Emb., Tokyo, 1991-96, Counsellor Trade Policy and Dir., 2002-06; Dir. of Trade & Investment for China, British Emb., Beijing, 2007-10; Consul-General, British Consulate-General 18.

Member, House of Lords; born: 1934, Wood Green; languages: French, Welsh; education: Univ. Coll. Sch., London, 1944-52; Oriel Coll., Oxford, 1952-58; M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon), 1958; D.Litt. (Oxon), 1985; Hon. Fellow, The Queen's Coll., Oxford, 1992 and Oriel Coll., Oxford 2003; Hon LL.D, Wales; Hon LL.D, Glamorgan; party: Labour Party; political career: mem., House of Lords, 2000-; interests: education, constitutional reform, devolution, Europe; memberships: Fellow of British Academy, 1983; professional career: Lecturer, Univ. Coll. Swansea, 1958-66; Fellow, The Quee…

Member, House of Lords; education: Oxford Univ.; party: Conservative; political career: MP for Loughborough, May 2010-2019; PPS, 2010-12; Assist. Gov. Whip, 2012-13; Economic Secretary to the Treasury, 2013-14; Minister for Women, 2014; Education Secretary, July 2014-July 2016; Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, July 2019-Feb. 2020; Member of House of Lords, Jan. 2020-; professional career: Solicitor; committees: Business, Innovation and Skills, 2010; Public Accounts, 2013-14; Treasury, 2017-19; office address: House of Lords, London, SW1A 0P…

Member, House of Lords; born: 1961; education: BSc., Bedford Coll., Univ. Coll. London, (Physiology), 1986; party: Labour, -2011; Crossbench, 2011-; political career: mem., House of Lords, 2003-; Gov. Whip, Jan. 2007; Lords spokesperson for the Dept. of Works and Pensions, Dept. for Communities and Local Gov., Scotland and Wales; Parly. Under Sec., Dept. for Children, Schools and Families, 2008-10; Opposition Spokesperson for Education, 2010-11; interests: science, health, women, children, voluntary sector, Wales; memberships: Chair, Childcare Umbrella 1989-92; NHS …

Member, House of Lords; born: 1967, Cardiff, Wales; languages: French, Spanish, Welsh; education: Atlantic Coll.; Univ. of Hull; party: Labour Party; Socialist Group in the European Parl.; political career: Labour MEP for Mid and West Wales 1994-99, re-elected, MEP for Wales, 1999-2009; Mem., House of Lords, 2011-; Shadow Spokesperson, Wales, 2013-16, Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, 2014-16; Opposition Whip, 2015-16; Shadow Spokesperson, Wales, 2016-17; Member, National Assembly of Wales, 2016-; interests: devolution, tourism, minority languages, business; membership…

Member, House of Lords; education: Belvedere Girl's Sch., Liverpool; Durham Univ.; party: Labour Party; political career: Mem., House of Lords, 2001-; Dir., Govt. Relations, Prime Minister's Office; professional career: Board mem., Olympic Delivery Authority, 2006-12; Chair, Ambition Institute, 2008-; Chair, Ofsted, 2011-14; Chair, Ambition School Leadership, 2019; Vice Chair, King's College London, 2013-2019; Master elect, Fitzwilliam College Cambridge, 2019-; committees: Public Service and Demographic Change, 2012-13; Personal Service Companies, 2012-…

British, Former Ambassador, British Embassy in El Salvador; born: 1944, Scotland; professional career: Bd. of Trade, 1963; Commonwealth Relations Office, 1964; FCO, 1965; British Embassy, Bonn, 1967; British Embassy, Kuwait, 1969; on loan to the Department of Trade and Industry, 1972; Commercial Attaché, British Embassy, La Paz, 1972; FCO, 1975; 2nd Sec., British Embassy, Washington DC, 1979; 1st Sec., British Embassy, Jakarta 1983; FCO, 1987; Ambassador, Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 1992-95; Dep. Head of Mission…

Former Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland; professional career: called to the Bar, 1976, took Silk, 1993; Senior Crown Counsel for Northern Ireland, 2002-04; High Court Judge, 2004; appointed to the Family Division, 2007; Chairman, Law Reform Advisory Cttee. for Northern Ireland, 2004; Chair., Northern Ireland Law Commission, 2007; Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, 2009-2021.

Leader, Les Centristes; born: 17 August 1961; party: Nouveau Centre; political career: MP, 1998-; Technical Adviser to the Ministry of Defence, 1993; Minister of Defence, Gov. of France, 2007-10; Pres., Normandy Region, 2017-; office address: Les Centristes, 88 rue de Varenne, 75007 Paris, France; phone: +30 (0)1 44 39 28 00; URL: http://www.les-centristes.fr/.

Former Permanent Representative of Argentina, United Nations; professional career: various roles, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, incl. Southern and Border Affairs; Foreign Policy; Foreign Affairs; Special Representative for Terrorism Affairs; Director of Federal and Electoral Affairs; Dep. Dir., Directorate of Central America, the Caribbean and Mexico; Permanent Representative of Argentina to the United Nations, 2016-2021.

Al Mamlaka al MaghribiyahKingdom of Morocco Morocco: Western Sahara.General Profile Capital: Rabat (Population estimate, 2018: 1.7 million) Head of State:HM Mohammed VI (King) National Flag: Red, charged with a green five-pointed star composed of interlaced trianglesConstitution and Government ConstitutionMorocco is an independent Arab Kingdom. Previously a French and Spanish Protectorate, it gained its independence in March 1956. Tangier lost its status as a free money market and free trade zone in 1960.A Constitutional Council of 78 members was appointed towards …

Former Minister of Justice and Public Security, Government of Brazil; political career: Minister of Justice, 2019-20; professional career: Adjunct Prof. of Criminal Procedural Law, Federal Univ. of Parana; Federal Judge, 13th Federal Criminal Court of Curitiba; Judge Instructor, Federal Supreme Court, 2012.

MP for Newton Abbot, House of Commons; party: Conservative; political career: Councillor, West Sussex County Council, 2005-07; MP for Newton Abbot, May 2010-; professional career: Lawyer; committees: Work and Pensions Cttee., 2012-15; Public Accounts, 2016-17; European Scrutiny, 2020-; office address: House of Commons, London, SW1A 0AA, United Kingdom; phone: +44 (0)20 7219 3000; e-mail: [email protected].

MP for Morecambe and Lunesdale, House of Commons; party: Conservative; political career: MP for Morecambe and Lunesdale, May 2010-; committees: Science and Technology Select Cttee., 2010-14; Administration, 2012-14; Political & Constitutional Reform, 2014-15; Public Administration and Constituional Affairs, 2017-19; office address: House of Commons, London, SW1A 0AA, United Kingdom; phone: +44 (0)20 7219 7234; e-mail: [email protected]; URL: http://www.davidmorris.org.uk.

Member of Parliament, House of Commons; party: Labour; political career: Councillor, Easington District Council, 1987-2003; MP for Easington, May 2010-; PPS, 2010-16; Shadow Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government and Shadow Minister for the Constitutional Convention, June-Oct. 2016; committees: Health Select Cttee., 2010-15; Consolidation Bills (Jt. Cttee.), 2015-17; Transport, 2020-; Animal Welfare (Sentience) Bill, 2022-; office address: House of Commons, London, SW1A 0AA, United Kingdom; phone: +44 (0)20 7219 1283; e-mail: grahame.morris.mp@parlia…

MP for Halesowen and Rowley Regis, House of Commons; education: BA, Univ. of Birmingham; Postgraduate research, Oxford Univ.; MBA, Cranfield School of Management; party: Conservative; political career: MP for Halesowen and Rowley Regis, May 2010-; Vice Commissioner, HM Treasury, 2019-2021; Vice Chamberlain, HM Household, 2021-July 2022; Parly. Under Sec., Dept. of Health and Social Care, July 2022-; professional career: Small businessman in computer software; chief executive of think tank; committees: Communities and Local Government, 2010-14; office address: House of C…

Member of House of Lords; political career: mem., House of Lords, 2004-; Dep. Speaker, 2010-; Dep. Chmn. of Cttees, 2010-; committees: Most recently: European Union, 2016; Services Cttee., 2017-2022; office address: House of Lords, London, SW1A 0PW, United Kingdom; phone: +44 (0)20 7219 3107; fax: +44 (0)20 7219 0620.

Former Prime Minister, Government of Australia; education: BSc.; political career: MP for Cook, NSW, 2007-; Shadow Minister for Housing and Development, 2008-09; Shadow Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, 2009-13; Shadow Minister for Productivity and Population, 2010-13; Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 2013-14; Minister for Social Services, 2014-15; Treasurer, 2015-17; Prime Minister, 2018-2022; office address: Department of the House of Representatives, Parliament House, Canberra 2600, Australia; URL: http://www.aph.gov.au/house/.

Trustee Emeritus, World Wide Fund for Nature; born: 1934; languages: French; political career: Wiltshire County Cllr., 1959-1971; professional career: Gen. Electric Co., 1975-98 (Dir., 1980-98); Non-Exec. Dir.: Abbey Nat. Plc., 1979-95; Carlton TV, 1992-; Kleinwort Charter Trust, 1993-2001; Chmn., Nat. Council for Voluntary Organisations (formerly Nat. Council of Social service), 1977-81; Nat. Adv. Council on Employment of Disabled People, 1981-84; County Cllr. then Alderman, Wilts., 1961-71; Chmn., Wilts. Assn. …

Consultant and retired ambassador; born: 10 August 1948; education: Bishop's Stortford Coll. ; professional career: Entered Diplomatic service, 1969; Third Sec., Paris, 1972-74; language training, Seoul, Rep. of Korea, 1975-76; Second Sec., Seoul, 1977-79; FCO, 1979-83; First Sec., 1982; First Sec., (Commercial), Mexico City, 1984-87; Head of Chancery, Seoul, 1988-91; Dep. Head, Far Eastern Dept, FCO, 1991-93; Counsellor, 1993, Head, 1994, Perm. Under Sec.'s Dept., FCO; Econ. and Commercial Counsellor, New De…

Member , House of Lords; born: 1948; party: Democratice Unionist; political career: mem., Fermanagh and South Tyrone, Northern Ireland Assembly-; Minister for Social Development, 2001; Mem., House of Lords, June 2006-; office address: House of Lords, London, SW1A 0PW, United Kingdom; phone: +44 (0)20 7219 3000.

Former Prefect, Mayotte; born: 1963; education: Inst. of Political Studies, Aix-en-Provence; National Inst. of Security Studies; political career: Special advisor, Minister of Equipment, Housing, Transport and Space, 1992; Special Adviser, Cab. of the Minister of the Interior and Public Security; Dep. Prefect, Bar-sur-Aube, 1995; Chief of Staff to the Minister of Justice, 1997; Special Advisor, Inspector General of Judicial Services, 2000; Dep. Head, Law, Justice and Urban Policy, Ministry of Justice, 2003; Dep.…

Minister of Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration, Government of Botswana; party: Botswana Democratic Party; political career: MP, Molepolole South; Minister of Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Administration, 2020-; professional career: Chair, Good Samarian Foundation; office address: Office of the President, Gaborone, Botswana; URL: http://www.gov.bw/.

French, First President, Auditor General's Department; born: 1957, Paris, France; education: Masters in Econ., 1978; Masters in Political Sciences, 1978; Masters in Advanced Macroeconomy, 1979; Masters in Philosophy, 1980; party: Socialist Group in the European Parliament; political career: General Chmn., Cmn. for the computerisation of local Communities for the Prime Minister, 1985; Sec. Gp. if Experts of the Socialist Party, 1986-88; Technical Advisor, Education and Financial Questions, Minister of Nat, Education, 1988-90; Nat. S…

Former Minister of Foreign and CARICOM Affairs, Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; education: Univ. of the West Indies, 1972-75; Univ. de Costa Rica, Agriculture, B.Sc., M.Sc.; post-grad Diploma, International Affairs; political career: Senator; Rep., OAS General Secretariat, 2003-14; Minister of Foreign and CARICOM Affairs, 2015-2021; professional career: career diplomat; CAB International, 1990.

Former Permanent Representative, Permanent Mission of Nauru to the UN in New York; professional career: Nauru missions to Japan and New Zealand; Perm. Rep. to the UN in New York, 2005-2010.

Former President, Vanuatu; political career: President of Vanuatu, 2017-2022; professional career: Pastor; Head, Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu.

Former Prime Minister and Minister of Defence and Public Service, Government of Lesotho; born: 1945; party: Lesotho Congress for Democracy; All Basotho Convention; political career: political activist, imprisoned 1970; MP, 1993-; Minister of Education; Minister of Defence & National Service; Pres., 1995; Prime Minister and Minister of Defence and Public Service, 1998-12; Founder, All Basotho Convention Party, 2006; Prime Minister, 2015-17; retired 2019; professional career: Teacher; Chairperson, SADC, 2006-08.

Former Minister for Foreign Affairs, Government of Japan; political career: State Minister for Science & Tech. Policy, Okinawa & Northern Territories Affairs, 2003-07; Minister of State for Financial Services, Minister for Administrative Reform, Minister for Civil Service Reform, 2008-11; Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Minister of State for the Corporation in support of Compensation for Nuclear Damage, Minister for Nuclear Incident Economic Countermeasures, Minister in charge of Industrial Comp…

Minister of Home Affairs, Government of South Africa; born: 1958; party: ANC; political career: Mem., Limpopo Provincial Legislature, 1994-2009; Mem., Limpopo Provincial Executive Council, Education, 1994-97; MEC for Transport, 1998-99; MEC for Agriculture, Land and Environment, 1999; Minister of Health, 2014-19; Minister of Home Affairs, 2019-; office address: Ministry of Home Affairs, Ministry of Home Affairs, Civitas Building, 10th Floor, corner Andries and Struben Streets, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; URL: http://www.home-affairs.gov.za.

Prime Minister, Government of Barbados; political career: MP, 1994-; Minister of Education, Youth Affairs and Culture, 1999-2002; Attorney General, Minister of Home Affairs, 2002-06, Also Deputy Prime Minister, 2003-06; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Affairs and Development, 2006-08; Leader, Barbados Labour Party, 2008-; Prime Minister of Barbados, 2018-, Minister of Finance, Economic Affairs and Investment; professional career: Lawyer, QC; office address: Barbados Labour Party, Grantley Adams House, 111 Roebuck Street, Bridgetown, Barbados; phone: +1 …

Former Prime Minister, Government of the Republic of Congo; party: PCT; political career: Minister of Finance, 1992-93; Prime Minister, 2016-2021; URL: http://www.gouvernementcongo.cg/.

Former Governor, Central Bank of Mauritania; born: 1964; political career: Minister of Employment and Professonal Training, 2007-08; Minister of the Economy and Industry, 2019-20; professional career: various roles, Central Bank of Mauritania; Dir. Gen., Caisses Populaires d'Epargne et de Crédit (PROCAPEC); Adviser to the Governor of the Central Bank of Mauritania, 2008-09; Director General, Markets and Liquidity, Central Bank of Mauritania, 2009-14; Dep. Gov., Central Bank of Mauritania, 2014-19; Governor, Central Bank of Mauritania, 2020-2022.

Former Vice President, Government of Brazil; born: 1953; political career: Vice President of Brazil, 2019-Dec. 2022; professional career: Long military career, rose to Army General, retired, 2018.

Former President, CEMAC; born: 1941; political career: Minister of Planning, 1979-91; Minister of Planning, Territorial and Regional Development, and Economic Integration, Government of the Republic of the Congo, 2002-09; Minister of Economy, 2009-2012; professional career: Pres., CEMAC, 2012-18.

Former Permanent Representative of Chad, United Nations; political career: Minister for Urban Affairs and Habitat, 2003; Dep. Mayor of N'Djamena, 2005; Adviser on International Relations to the President, 2008-09; Pres., Communications Board, 2010-15; Minister for Environment and Fishing, 2015-16; Minister of Communications, 2016; professional career: Journalist; Chief of Staff, Official Journal of the Government Secretariat; Editor-in-Chief, National Press Agency of Chad, 1984; Permanent Representative of Chad to the United Nations, 2017-2022.

Representative for Guam, US Congress; party: Republican; political career: Mem., Guam Legislature, 2019-2022; Mem., US Congress, Rep. for Guam, 2023-; professional career: US Army; Parole Office, Guam Dept. of Corrections; committees: 118th Congress: Armed Services; Natural Resources; office address: US House of Representatives, 1628 LHOB, Washington DC, USA; phone: +1 202 225 1188.

Member, House of Lords; born: 1955; education: Monmouth Sch., Univ. Coll. Oxford, BA, Politics, Philosophy, Economics, 1977, MA., 1981; party: Conservative Party; political career: Special Advisor to the Rt. Hon. Francis Pym, MP Foreign Sec., 1980-81; PPS to Rt. Hon. Kenneth Clarke MP, Minister for Health and Paymaster General, 1985-86; Chmn., World Youth Summit, Hiroshima, 1986; PPS to the Paymaster General, 1986-87; Official Cmmw. Observer at the Kenyan Elections, 1992; MP for Lewisham East; Minister for Sport in th…

Republic of MozambiqueRepública de MoçambiqueGeneral Profile Capital: Maputo (Population estimate, 2020: 1.12 million) Head of State: Filipe Jacinto Nyusi (President, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces) National Flag: Three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, edged in white, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side. Centred in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book.Constitution and Government ConstitutionFollowing the Lusaka Agreement between the Portug…

Career diplomat; education: Political Science and History, Iowa State Univ.; Public Administration and Political Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; professional career: career diplomat: postings include New Delhi, Islamabad, Lusaka and Kinshasa; Political/ Economic Counselor, Bangladesh, 1998-2001; Amb. to Angola, 2007-10; Amb. to Bangladesh, 2011-15.

Vice President, Republic of Tanzania; political career: MP, 2015-; Minister of Finance, Gov. of Tanzania, 2015-2021; Vice President of Tanzania, 2021-; professional career: Head, President's Economic Advisory Unit; Senior Economist for the World Bank; office address: Office of the Vice President, P O Box 9120, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; URL: http://www.vpo.go.tz/.

South Africa: Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, Kwazulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North West, Western Cape.General Profile Capital: Mbombela (formerly Nelspruit) (Population estimate, 2010: 221,500)Constitution and Government Executive Council (as at July 2023) Premier: Refilwe Mtshwen-Tsipane MEC for Agriculture, Rural Development, Land and Environmental Affairs: Busisiwe Shiba MEC for Community Safety, Security and Liaison: Vusumuzi Shongwe MEC for Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs: Mandla Msibi MEC for Culture, Sport and Rec…

Full Professor, School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana; education: grad., Faculty of Economics, Ljubljana, 1977; master's degree, Fac. of Economics, Belgrade, 1984; Ph.D, Fac. of Economics, Ljubljana, 1990; political career: Minister of Finance; Minister of Finance, Minister of Economic Development and Technology, 2014-16; professional career: Ljubljanska Bank; lecturer, Univ. of Ljubljana, then Assist. Prof. of Finance, then Full Professor of Finance; Appraiser; Visiting Prof., Central European Univ.; Visiting Scholar, Indiana Univ.; office addres…

Former Minister of Trade, Government of Tunisia; political career: Mem., People's Movement, political bureau member, 2013-; Minister of Commerce, 2020; professional career: various positions, Tunisian Electricity and Gas Company, 1979-16, most recently, Dir., IT system, 2008, Director, Audit and Control, 2012, Dir., in charge of Accounting and Finance, 2013, retired 2016.

Sovereign, Eswatini; born: 1968; parents: the late King Sobhuza II; education: Sherborne School, UK; political career: King of Swaziland, 1986-, In 2018, King Mswati announced he was to change the name of the kingdom to Eswatini; office address: Royal Palace, Mbabane, Eswatini.

Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Mozambique; professional career: Lawyer, 1997-2010; Dir., Fac. of Law, Eduardo Mondlane Univ., 2007-08; Professor, Eduardo Mondlane Univ.; Professor, Instituto Superior Politecnico; Lecturer, Legal and Judicial Training Centre; Counselor Judge, Supreme Court, 2010-, Vice Pres., President, 2014-, also Pres., Superior Council for the Judiciary, 2014-; office address: Supreme Court of Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique.

Head Cabinet Secretary and Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Government of Kenya; born: 1960; political career: MP, 1989-2013; Minister for Supplies, 1989-93; Minister of Finance, 1993-97; Minister for Information and Transport, 1999-2000; Minister of Transport and Communication, 2000-02; Vice President, 2002-03; Minister for Local Government, 2008; Deputy Prime Minister, 2008-13; Prime Cabinet Secretary of Kenya, Oct. 2022-; Also Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Oct. 2023-; office address: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Old Treasury Building, Harambee Avenue, PO Bo…

Director General, UNIDO; political career: Mem., European Parliament; Sec. of State, Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, 2005-13; Federal Minister of Economic Co-operation and Development, 2013-2021; professional career: Director General, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Dec. 2021-; office address: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Wagramerstr. 5, PO Box 300, Vienna International Centre, A 1400 Vienna, Austria; URL: http://www.unido.org.

Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Nigeria, United Nations; professional career: Academic; Dir. Gen., Centre African de Formation et de Recherche Administrative pour le Development (CAFPAD), Morocco, 2000-04; Vice Chancellor, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univ., Sokoto, 2004-09; Dir. Gen., National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies, NIPSS, 2010-16; Ambassador and Permanent Representattive of Nigeria to the United Nations, 2016-; office address: Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations, 828 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017, USA.

Former Supreme Head of State, Malaysia; born: 6 October 1969; education: Oakham School, UK; St. Cross College, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies; political career: Tengku Mahkota of Kelantan (Crown Prince), 1985-; Proclaimed Sultan of Kelantan, 2010; Deputy Yan Di Pertuan Agong, 2011-16; Supreme Head of State, Dec. 2016-Jan. 2019 (Abdicated); professional career: Chancellor, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK).

Former Minister of Finance, Government of Bangladesh; education: BA (Hons.) in English Literature, MA, Dhaka Univ. Bangladesh; Oxford Univ., UK; Harvard Univ., USA; party: Bangladesh Awami League; political career: Minister of Finance, 2009-18.

President, Maldives; party: People's National Congress; political career: Minister of Housing and Environment, Gov. of Maldives, 2012; Minister of Housing and Infrastructure, 2012-18; Mayor of Male, 2021-23; President of the Maldives, Nov. 2023-; office address: Office of the President, Medhuziyaaraiy Magu, Malé 20113, Maldives; URL: http://www.presidencymaldives.gov.mv.

Former President of Uruguay; born: 1935; party: Broad Front; political career: mem., MLN-Tupamaros movement; Political prisoner, 1972-85; freed under political amnesty, 1985; Senator, 1999-2005, 2008; Minister of Livestock, Agriculture, and Fisheries, 2005-08; President of Uruguay, Nov. 2009, took office March 2010-15; Pres. pro. tem., Union of South American Nations, 2014-15; retired, 2020.

Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Benin; professional career: long-serving public servant; Magistrate, North-Eastern Region gov.; Chief Registrar, Lokossa Region; Judge, High Court of Lokossa Region, Justice of the Court of Appeal, Presiding Justice, Court of Appeal, 1993-2005; Judge, Supreme Court of Benin, Chief Justice; office address: Supreme Court of Benin, 45-47 Rue de Ganhi, 02 BP, 2044 Ministry Zone, Cotonou, Benin.

Former Secretary of State for Territory, Environment, Agriculture & Telecommunications, Government of San Marino; born: 1961; education: Law Degree; political career: Sec. of State for Foreign and Political Affairs, Telecommunications and Transport, -2013; Captain Regent, 2013-14; Secretary of State for Territory, Environment, Agriculture & Telecommunications, -2017; professional career: Lawyer; Judge, European Court of Human Rights.

University Professor and Political Commentator; born: Ottowa, Canada; political career: MP, Quebec National Assembly, 1994-; Minister of the Environment; Leader, New Democrat Party, 2012-17; professional career: Lawyer; Professor; Political commentator; as lawyer: Legislative Affairs, Quebec Justice Dept.; Conseil de la Langue Francaise; private practice; Academic: UQTR, Concordia; St-Lawrence College; Visiting Prof., Political Science Dept., Univ. de Montréal; Trent Univ.; phone: +1 613 236 3613; fax: +1 613 230 9950; URL: http://www.ndp.ca.

Diplomat (retired); professional career: Amb. to Malaysia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, 2001-05; Amb. to Germany, 2009-13; Amb. to the UK, 2013-17; Amb. to the USA, 2017-2022; retired.

Politician; born: 1951; political career: Minister of Supply, 1997-98; Minister for Industry and Trade, 1989-99; Minister for Energy and Mineral Resources, 1998-99; Minister of Water and Irrigation, 1999-2002; Caretaker Prime Minister, 2016-18; professional career: Exec. Vice Chmn., Higher Council for Science and Technology, 2002-04; Perm. Rep. of Jordan to the Arab League, 2002-04; Amb. to Egypt.

Former Chief Justice, Pakistan; political career: Caretaker prime minister, Government of Pakistan, June-Aug. 2018; professional career: Barrister, Inner Temple, London; Sec. Gen., Peshawar High Court Bar Assn., 1981; Advocate General, North-West Frontier Region, 1993; Judge, Peshawar High Court, 1994, Chief Justice, 2004; Judge, Supreme Court, 2005-2007 (emergency rule imposed by President Musharraf); Judge, Supreme Court, 2008; Chief Justice, Pakistan.

Former Ambassador, British Embassy in Ecuador; professional career: Posting to Venezuela, 1977-80; Latin America and Africa Floater, 1980-84; FCO Policy Planning Staff, 1985-88; Vice Consul, Costa Rica, 1988-91; 2nd Sec., Barbados, 1991-95; Dep.Hd. Personnel Management Unit; 1995 - 1997; Eastern Caribbean Desk, 1997-2000; Dep. Hd. of Mission and Consul, Peru, 2000-03; Human Resources Mgr., Directorate General for Defence and Intelligence, 2003-08; Ambassador to Uruguay, 2008-13; Ambassador to Ecuador, 2013-16.

Governor, Eesti Pank; professional career: Economic adviser to the Prime Minister and the Minister of Finance, Estonia; Adviser to the Exec. Dir., Nordic-Balti constituency, World Bank; Dep. Governor, Eesti Pank; Mem., Supervisory Board, European Central Bank, 2014-; Governor, Eesti Pank, June 2019-; Mem., Governing Council, European Central Bank, 2019-; office address: Bank of Estonia, Estonia bld. 13, 15095 Tallinn, Estonia; URL: https://www.eestipank.ee/en.

Senator for Oklahoma, US Senate; political career: Mem., US House of Represenatives, 2013-2023; Senator for Oklahoma, US Senate, 2023-; professional career: businessman; incl. Mullin Plumbing; Mullin Environmental; Rowan's Steakhouse; cow-calf rancher; committees: 118th Congress: Armed Services; Environment and Public Works; Health, Education, Labor and Pensions; Indian Affairs; office address: US Senate, 330 Hart Senate Office Building, Washington DC 20510, USA; phone: +1 202 224 4721; URL: https://www.mullin.senate.gov/.

Diplomat; professional career: Dep. Chief of Mission, Jakarta, Indonesia 2000-03; US Amb. to Lithuania, 2003-06; Amb. to Poland, 2012-15; US Lead Coordinator for Iran Nuclear Implementation, 2015-17; Acting Under Sec. of State for Political Affairs, 2018; office address: Department of State, 2201 C Street NW, Washington DC 20520, USA; URL: http://www.state.gov/.

Canadian, Former Prime Minister, Government of Canada; born: 1939, Baie Comeau, Quebec, Canada; education: St. Francis Xavier Univ. Antigonish N.S., BA (Hons), political science; Laval Univ., Quebec City, Canada, LL.B; party: Progressive Conservative Party; political career: Leader, Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, 1983-; MP for Central Nova, Nova Scotia, August 1983, Manicouagan, Quebec, 1984, Charlevoix, Quebec, 1988; Prime Minister of Canada, 1984-93 (resigned); memberships: The Quebec Bar; Canadian Bar Assoc.; professional career: Law firm Ogilvy Renau…

General ProfileEstablished in April 1988, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), is an independent, self-supporting member of the World Bank Group. Its aim is to promote private foreign investment in for economic development in developing countries by guaranteeing investments made by foreign investors against political risks and helping to create an attractive climate for private investment in member countries. Its strategy concentrates on specific areas including: infrastructure de…

General ProfileEstablished in 1967 as an international body linking the activities of national MS societies around the world, MSIF aims to lead the global MS movement by stimulating research into the understanding and treatment of MS and by improving the quality of life of people affected by MS. As of 2022, there were 47 member organisations. Chief Executive Officer: Peer Baneke Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, Skyline House, 200 Union Street, London SE1 0LX, UK. E-mail: [email protected], URL: http://www.msif.org

Former Acting White House Chief of Staff, US Government; education: Georgetown University, International Economics, Commerce, and Finance; University of North Carolina, Law School; party: Republican; political career: Mem., US HOR South Carolina Fifth District, 2010-17; Dir., Office of Management and Budget, 2017; Acting White House Chief of Staff, 2020; professional career: Law; committees: former: Budget; Small Business: 114th Congress: Financial Services; Oversight and Government.

Retired politician; born: 1936; party: BJP; political career: Veteran politician; First elected to the 6th Lok Sabha, 1977, 1989-2004, 2009-19; also served as MLA, Legislative Assemblies, Bihar and then Jharkhand; Minister of Agro and Rural Industries, 2001-2003; Minister of Coal, 2003-04; Dep. Speaker, 2009-14.

MP, House of Commons; party: Conservative; political career: mem., South of Scotland, Scottish Parliament; MP for Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweedale, 2005-; Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland, 2005-10; Parly. Under Secretary of State, Scotland Office, 2010-15; Secretary of State for Scotland, 2015-July 2019; committees: Vice-chair, All Party Group, Scotch Whisky and Spirits Group 2005-10; Vice-chair, All Party Group, West Coast Main Line Group 2005-10; mem., Select Cttee., Scottish Affairs 2005-10; office address: House of Commons, London, SW1P OAA, United …

Former Captain-Regent, San Marino; education: Fac. of Educational Sciences, Bologna; party: SSD; political career: Councilor, XXIX Legislature; Government Mayor; Mem., Council of XII; Captains Regent, April 2019-Oct. 2019.

Executive Chairman, News Corporation Ltd.; born: 1931, Melbourne, Australia; education: Oxford Univ.; professional career: Worked at the Daily Express; took control of News Limited 1954, later acquiring The Daily Mirror and The Australian; acquired News of the World and Sun; purchased The News from Hearst, 1973; purchased Times newspapers and the predecessors to Harper Collins; acquired Twentieth Century Fox Film Studio, 1985, and six Fox Television Stations; launched British Sky Broadcasting, 1989, currentl…

Former Prime Minister, Government of Rwanda; born: 1952; education: BSc., Agricultural Engineering, Univ. de Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; party: PSD; political career: Minister of State in charge of Industry and Investment Promotion, 2004; Minister of Agriculture and Animal Resources; Minister of Public Service and Labour, - July 2014; Prime Minister, July 2014-17; professional career: independent consultant in agri-business development; Ombudsman, Office of the Ombudsman, Rwanda, 2017-2020.

Senator for Alaska, US Senate; education: Georgetown Univ., degree in Economics, 1980, Willamette College of Law, law degree, 1985; political career: mem., State House of Representatives, 1998-2002; Senator for Alaska, US Senate, 2002-; professional career: lawyer; committees: Senate Energy and Natural Resources Cttee., Chmn.; Appropriations Cttee.; Indian Affairs Cttee.; Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Cttee.; 116th Congress: Energy and Natural Resources, Chmn.; Appropriations; Health, Education, Labor and Pensions; Indian …

Former Permanent Representative, United Nations in New York; education: Vilnius Univ. Lithania; E. Muskie Scholar in Public Admin., Monterey Inst. of Int. Studies; Chevening Scholar in Diplomacy and Security Studies, Birmingham Univ., UK; professional career: Perm. Rep. to the United Nations in New York, 2012-18; Pres. of the UN Security Council, Feb. 2014-May, 2015.

President, India; political career: Councillor, Rairangpur; Mem., Odisha State Assembly, 2002, 2009; Minister of Commerce and Transport, then Fisheries and Animals, Odisha Government, 2000-04; President of the BJP for tribal communities, 2006-09; Governor of Jharkhand, 2005-2021; President of India, July 2022-; office address: Office of the President, Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi 110 004, India; URL: http://presidentofindia.nic.in.

Member of House of Lords; party: Crossbench; political career: mem., House of Lords, 2003-; committees: Draft Mental Health Bill (Jt. Cttee.), 2004-05; Leader's Group on Members Leaving the House, 2010-11; office address: House of Lords, London, SW1A 0PW, United Kingdom; phone: +44 (0)20 7219 3107; fax: +44 (0)20 7219 0620.

Lieutenant-Governor, New Brunswick; political career: municipal councillor, Grand Bay-Westfield; Lieutenant-Governor, New Brunswick, 2019-; professional career: Exec. Dir. (20 years), Saint John Women's Empowerment Network; mem., Gender Equality Network Canada; Mem., National Advisory Council on Poverty; mem.,New Brunswick Advisory Council on the Status of Women; office address: Office of the Lieutenant-Governor, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; URL: https://www2.gnb.ca/.

Senator, Connecticut, US Senate; education: Williams College, Massachusetts, grad. maj. in history and political science; UConn Law School, Hartford, Connecticut, 2002; political career: Mem., Connecticut HOR, 1998-2002; Senator, Connecticut Senate, 2002-06; Mem., US House of Reps., 2007-12; Senator, US Senate, 2012-; professional career: Real estate and banking lawyer, Ruben, Johnson & Morgan, 2002-2006; committees: US Senate: former: Democratic Steering and Outreach Cttee.; 118th Congress: Appropriations; Health, Education, Labor & Pensions; Foreign Relations; off…

Former Minister for Finance, Northern Ireland Assembly; born: 1963; party: Sinn Féin; political career: mem., Northern Ireland Assembly for Newry and Armagh, 1998; MP for Newry and Armagh, 2005-; Minister for Social Development, NI Assembly, May 2007-11; Minister for Finance, 2020-Feb. 2022; office address: Constituency Office, 1 Kilmorey Terrace, Patrick Street, Newry, BT35 6DW, United Kingdom; e-mail: [email protected].

Governor, New Jersey; education: Harvard; Wharton School, Univ. of Pennsylvania; party: Democrat Party; political career: Governor-elect, New Jersey, Nov. 2017, Governor, Jan. 2018-; professional career: Financier; Goldman Sachs; office address: Office of the Governor, State House, PO Box 001, Trenton, NJ 08625, USA.

Congressman, Pennsylvania 18th District, US House of Representatives; education: Wheeling Jesuit University, BA, 1974; Cleveland State University, MA, 1976; University of Pittsburgh, Ph.D., 1979; party: Republican Party; political career: Pennsylvania State Senate, 1997-2003; Congressman, Pennsylvania 18th District, US House of Representatives, 2002-; professional career: psychologist; committees: formerly: Financial Services, Government Reform, and Veterans' Affairs Cttees.; As of 114th Congress: Energy and Commerce; office address: US House of Representat…

Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland, House of Commons; party: Labour; political career: Councillor, Edinburgh City Council 2003-10; MP for Edinburgh South, May 2010-; Shadow Minister, Business, Innovation and Skills, 2011-15; Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland, 2015-resigned June 2016; Shadow Sec. of State for Scotland, 2020-; committees: Environmental Audit, 2010-; Business, Innovation and Skills, 2010-11; Arms Export Controls, 2010-12; office address: House of Commons, London, SW1A 0AA, United Kingdom; phone: +44 (0)20 7219 3000; e-mail: ian.murray.mp@parliamen…

Senator for Washington, US Senate; born: 10 October 1950, Bothell, Washington, USA; education: Washington State Univ., BA, 1972; party: Democrat; political career: Washington State Senator; US Senator for Washington, 1992-; Dep. Minority Whip; Democratic Conference Sec., 2007-; President Pro Tem, US Senate, Jan. 2023-; professional career: Bd. of Dirs., Shoreline Sch. District; committees: former: Rules and Administration; Democratic Leadership, Conference Secretary (115th & 116th Congress); 118th Congress: Appropriations, chair; Health, Educatio…

MP for South East Cornwall, House of Commons; born: 1956; party: Conservative; political career: MP for South East Cornwall, May 2010-; committees: Environmental Audit, 2010-12; Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Cttee., 2012-15, 2017-19, 2020-; High Speed Rail (West Midlands-Crewe) Bill, 2018-19; Panel of Chairs, 2020-; Animal (Penalty Notices) Bill, 2021-; Marriage and Civil Partnership (Min. Age) Bill, 2022-; office address: House of Commons, London, SW1A 0AA, United Kingdom; phone: +44 (0)20 7219 3000; e-mail: [email protected]; URL: http://sheryllmur…

Former Prime Minister, Government of Malta; born: 1974; education: Univ. of Malta; Univ. of Bristol; political career: Education Sec., Partit Laburista; National Commission for Fiscal Morality, 1997-98; MP, 2004; Leader, Partit Laburista, 2008; Prime Minister, 2013-2020; professional career: journalist; investment adviser.

Ugandan, President, Government of Uganda; born: 1944; languages: English, Swahili; education: Univ. of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Pol. Sci., Econ. and Law; political career: Research Asst., Office of Milton Obote, former Pres., 1970-71; exile, Tanzania 1971-79; formed Front for National Salvation, participated in invasion of Uganda, 1979; Minister of Defence, interim Govt. of late Prof. Yusuf Lule, 1980; removed by his successor Pres. Godfrey Binaisa; Vice-Chmn., following replacement of Govt. by Military Commission, …

Former President, Islamic Republic of Pakistan; born: 1943-2023, Delhi; languages: Turkish; education: Saint Patrick's High Sch., Karachi and Forman Christian Coll., Lahore; Command and Staff Coll., Quetta and the Nat. Defence Coll., graduate; Royal Coll. of Defence Studies, UK; political career: Pres. & Chief Exec. of Pakistan, 1999-2002; elected PM, Oct. 2002; Pres., 2002-08; went into exile in London; returned to Pakistan in 2013 hoping to contest presidential election but was ruled ineligible; in 2013 he was put under house arrest…

Rwandan, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation, Government of Rwanda; born: 1961; education: Univ. of Delaware, USA; political career: Minister of Information; Minister of Foreign Affairs & Cooperation; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Co-operation and the East African Community, 2017-18; honours and awards: Outstanding Humanitarian Award, American Univ., School of International Studies, 2004; publications: Rwanda Means the Universe, 2006; numerous articles; collaborated on many documentary films.

Former Prime Minister, Government of Kosovo; education: MA, PhD., Univ. of Pristina, Kosova; party: Democratic League of Kosovo; political career: Minister of Economy and Finances, 1991-99; Mayor of Pristina, 2007-13; Prime Minister, 2014-17.

Former President, Malawi; born: 1940; education: expert on international economic law, international law, comparative constitutional law; party: Democratic Progressive Party (DPP); political career: Minister of Justice; Minister of Education, Science and Technology; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 2011-12; President of Malawi, Commander in Chief of the Malawi Defence Force and Malawi Police Service, Minister of Defence, 2014-June 2020.

Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the Maldives; professional career: Director, Ministry of Foreiegn Affairs; Mem., Maldives Law Commission; Mem., Human Rights Commission of Maldives; Judge, Supreme Court, 2010-14; Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the Maldives, 2019-; office address: Supreme Court, Male, Maldives; URL: http://www.supremecourt.gov.mv.

Former Governor, Central Bank of the Congo; born: 1964; education: Univ. Kinshasa; professional career: joined Central Bank of the Congo, 1991, various positions, incl. Dir. of Banking of Operations, most recently, Governor, Central Bank of the Congo (BCC), 2013-2021.

Minister of Works and Transport, Namibian Government; political career: Minister of Basic Education, Sport and Culture, to 2004; Minister of Youth, National Service, Sport and Culture, 2004-08; Minister of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, 2008-17; Minister of Works and Transport, 2018-; office address: Ministry of Transport, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia.

Minister of Tourism and Wildlife, Government of Kenya; political career: Governor, Machakos County, 2013-2022; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gov. of Kenya, Nov. 2022-Oct. 2023; Minister of Tourism and Wildlife, Oct. 2023-; office address: Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife, Old Treasury Building, Harambee Avenue, PO Box 30551, Nairobi, Kenya.

Former Prime Minister, Government of the Democratic Republic of Congo; party: Unified Lumumbist Party; political career: Minister of the Budget, 2007-08; Prime Minister, 2008-11; suspended from party, 2015; professional career: economist.