This chapter is written by Ousmane Kane, John Hunwick, and Rüdiger Seesemann

The Tijāniyya ṭarīqa is one of the most recent Sufi “ways” to be established, and it rapidly became the most widespread one in the African continent. The man after whom tit was named, Aḥmad b. Maḥammad (sic) b. al-Mukhtār al-Tijānī was born at ʿAyn Māḍī in western Algeria in 1150/ 1737-8. Twenty years later he travelled to Fez and became involved with three Sufi groups: the Qādiriyya, the Nāṣiriyya and a ṭarīqa established by Aḥmad al-Ḥabīb b. Muḥammad, and later, whilst on his way to Mecca for pilgri…