Arabic has been transliterated according to the system used by the Encyclopaedia of Islam, but with the omission of the subscript ligatures and the substitution of “j” for “dj” and “q” for “ḳ”. In some instances, to reflect local pronunciation, “ō” has been preferred to “ū”, e.g. Khōjalī for Khūjalī, and in some instances “ē” for “ī”. The same consideration has applied when writing ʿAbdullāhi and ʿAbdallāhi instead of ʿAbd Allāh, e.g. ʿAbdullāhi al-Dufārī.

Sudanese personal, tribal and place names have generally been vowelled according to S…