Transliteration of Arabic words follows the system of the Encyclopaedia of Islam (new edition), but with the omission of the subscript ligatures and substitution of “j” for “dj”, and “q” for “ḳ” Correspondence of Hijrī and Gregorian dates was calculated either using H.-G. Cattenoz, Tables de concordance des ères chrétienne et hégirienne, 3rd edn., Rabat, 1961, or the electronic programme “Minaret” by Kamal Abdali.

In the English text, accepted English or French spellings of place names, where such exist, have been preferred over strict transliteration (e.g. …