| Era 1: Emergence of the three monotheistic religions | ||
| 1st millenium BCE | Emergence of Jewish religion | |
| 1st millenium CE | Emergence of Christianity | |
| 7th millenium CE | Emergence of Islam | |
| Era 2: Crusades and Ottoman Empire | ||
| end of 11th until end of 13th cent. | Crusades | At the Synod of Clermont, Pope Urban II summons Christians to war with Islam. With the purpose of delivering the Holy Land from Islamic rule, masses of persons set out in the direction of the East. Capture of Jerusalem: 1099. By 1270, six more Crusades. |
| 1453 | Fall of Constantinople | In consequence: dismantling of Muslim rule in the … |