Adiabene is a geographical name that refers to the heartland of ancient Assyria, the region confined between the Upper and Lower Zāb Rivers, with Erbil, Assyrian Arba’ilu, as its capital. The name Adiabene or Adiabena occurs in Greek and Latin sources dated to the first centuries of our era, while the forms Ḥadyab and Ḥdayyab in reference to the same region are encountered in Jewish Aramaic and Syriac sources during the same time period and beyond. In Arabic sources dated after the 9th century CE, Adiabene or rather Ḥadyab was replaced by Ḥazzā,…