A dichotomous view of Apollinarius of Laodicea (c. 315–c. 390 CE) prevailed throughout antiquity. On the one hand, he was the poet, the commentator on biblical works, the contemporary of Basil of Caesarea and Gregory of Nazianzus (Philost. Hist. eccl. 8.13), the teacher and exponent of Nicene orthodoxy. On the other hand, he was the source of a heresy, and his followers were condemned from 377 CE onward at various synods, the first in Rome, and then from 383 CE on through imperial edicts. It was clearly provin…