Diodore (d. c. 393 CE) was a Christian exegete and theologian who served as bishop of Tarsus in Cilicia from 378 CE until his death. He received an excellent education in Athens, then embraced the monastic life. In Antioch, he led the ascetic school (ἀσκητήριον) for many years before his episcopate. Among his disciples, Theodore of Mopsuestia and John Chrysostom are prominent. He was a supporter of the Nicene orthodoxy and a strong opponent of Emperor Julian’s anti-Christian politics. Due to his anti-Arianism (Arianism), he was exiled …