Wearing tzitzit, elongated tassels at the fringes of one’s cloak, and donning phylacteries, tefillin, is a notable feature of male Jewish, religious public practice in late antiquity. From Hellenistic times onward, these practices are considered a regular interpretation of biblical commandments and are perceived as Jewish attire. Second Temple and early rabbinic sources mention tzitzit and tefillin as a pair (Let. Aris. 158–159; Jos. Ant. 4.213; t. Ber. 6(7).24, Mekilta dRabbi Ishmael, Shirata 3, on Exod 15:2 reads ת…