Four external and four internal features characterized the beginning of German Pentecostalism at the turn of the nineteenth century. From abroad, reports of the revivals in Topeka, Kansas, USA (1901), Wales, UK (1904/5), Azusa Street, California, USA (1906), and Oslo, Norway (1906/7) sparked a desire within the believers to experience something similar in Germany. Internally, the four Holiness fundamentals (salvation, sanctification, healing, millenarianism), were already deeply engrained within the German Gemeinschaftsbewegung (Pietistic movement). As in many oth…