The Pentecostal message had been received before the messengers arrived, since as early as 1909 when Spade Regen, a publication by Gerrit Polman, a prominent leader in Dutch Pentecostalism, had been distributed to Dutch speakers abroad including in the Dutch East Indies. The publication and subsequent contact with Polman seemed to have a significant influence on the Dutch speakers. Therefore, an ecumenical prayer group with a Pentecostal influence was started in 1911 in Temanggung, Central Java (van der Laan 2012).

In September 1920, Polman published a request to send missionaries t…