When Mongolian socialism crumbled in 1990, there were around 20 Christians in the whole nation. Now, there are between 40,000 and 100,000 attendees in approximately 600 churches, as well as unregistered churches, preaching stations and home cell groups—comprising up to 10 percent of the voting constituency (Byambajav 2013; Jamsran 2012). Many attend Pentecostal or charismatic churches.

Pentecostalism came to Mongolia through American missionary Abigail Slager (1910­–1912). William W. Simpson and his wife Otilia Ekvall arrived in 1912. Apostolic Faith minis…