A. Concept of the soul
In order to understand the concept and the theory of the soul ('psychology': λόγος/lógos, 'theory', from ψυχή/psychḗ, 'soul') in Graeco-Roman Antiquity, it is important to distinguish between two ways of perceiving the soul: the soul as an essential component of a human being, as the subject of thinking and feeling, which controls one's behaviour, and the soul as the general quality that in…