(ἥλιος/hḗlios; Latin sol).
I. General points
In Antiquity, the Sun was usually included among the planets. In the order of the planets, seen from the Earth, Venus and Mercury were placed above the Sun by some authors (for example by Plato [1] and Eudoxus [1] of Cnidus; see fig. 1), and below it by others. The latter series - Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus (or also: Venus, Mercury, e.g. by Ptolemaeus [65]), Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Sat…