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Bahramian, Ali, Translated by Rahim Gholami and Sadeq Sajjadi, “ʿAbbāsids”, in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Farhad Daftary. Consulted online on 03 June 2023 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0011>