Abū al-Ḥasan Ghaffārī, Mīrzā Abū al-Ḥasan Khān Ghaffārī Kāshānī, was a celebrated Persian painter and book-illustrator (b. ca. 1229/1813). Son of Mīrzā Muḥammad and uncle of the famous Muḥammad Ghaffārī, known as ‘Kamāl al-Mulk’ (Perfection of the realm), Abū al-Ḥasan came to be known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī (the Second) in an obvious homage to his great uncle, Abū al-Ḥasan Mustawfī (q.v.), the first of a line of important painters from Kāshān. Abū al-Ḥasan himself was given the title of ‘Ṣanīʿ al-Mulk’ (d. 1283/1866).

After receiving his early education in Kāshān, his birthpl…