Abū Jahl, Abū al-Ḥakam ʿAmr b. Hishām b. Mughīra al-Makhzūmī, known as Abū Jahl (d. Ramaḍān 2/March 624), was one of the nobles of the Quraysh and a notorious Meccan polytheist. According to al-Balādhurī (1/130), he was born in AD 554. His father Hishām was a Meccan noble and the head of the Banū Makhzūm, a branch of the Quraysh (Ibn Ḥabīb, al-Munammaq, 332; Ibn Saʿd, 1/127; al-Zubayrī, 301). His mother was Asmāʾ, daughter of Makhraba b. Jandal al-Ḥanẓalī of the Banū Tamīm. Later Asmāʾ converted to Islam and traded in perfumes (Ibn Saʿd, 8/300; Ibn Ḥajar, …