Abū Thawr, Ibrāhīm b. Khālid b. Abī al-Yamān al-Kalbī (d. 240/854), was a jurist (faqīh) from Baghdad who founded an independent school of religious law (madhhab). His kunya is said to have been Abū ʿAbd Allāh (al-Mizzī, 2/81). In some sources his date of birth is given as 170/786 (al-Dhahabī, 12/73, 74). Abū Thawr studied ḥadīth in the teaching circles of great traditionists (muḥaddithūn) such as Sufyān b. ʿUyayna, Saʿīd b. Manṣūr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUlayya, Wakīʿ b. al-Jarrāḥ and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Mahdī (Ibn Abī Ḥātim, 1(1)/98; al-Mizzī, 2/81), and Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) in Baghdad, u…