Al-ʿAzīz bi’llāh, Abū Manṣūr Nizār b. Abū Tamīm Maʿadd al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh (344–386/955–996), the fifth Fāṭimid imam-caliph was the first sovereign of his dynasty to begin his rule in Egypt. Al-ʿAzīz’s reign epitomises the cultural, intellectual and architectural efflorescence of Fāṭimid rule in Egypt. It also established the Fāṭimid state…