al-Bayhaqī, Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad, known as Bū Jaʿfarak (470–544/1077–1150), a distinguished authority on grammar, lexicology, and Qurʾān readings and commentary, and the author of Tāj al-maṣādir. The earliest and most authoritative sources on the life of al-Bayhaqī are the writings of his student, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Zayd al-Bayhaqī, known as Ibn Funduq (al-Bayhaqī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī, Tārīkh, 167; idem, Mashārib). None of the sources name his birthplace, but in view of the reference by Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī al-Bayhaqī (Tārīkh, 166) …