Ashraf Jahāngīr, son of Ibrāhīm al-Simnānī, a mystic of Persian descent who lived in the Indian subcontinent. He was born sometime between 709/1309 and 712/1312 in Simnān (Waḥīd Ashraf, 28). His father Ibrāhīm was governor of the city and his mother Khadīja Begum was a daughter of Kh^wājah Aḥmad Yasawī (q.v., al-Yamanī, 1/387, 2/90). By the age of seven he had memorised the Qurʾān, including the ‘seven readings’ (al-qirāʾāt al-sabʿ), and until the age of fourteen was engaged in learning the standard sciences of the period. At the ag…