Bilāl al-Ḥabashī was one of the first people to accept Islam, the first muʾadhdhin (q.v. adhān), and a servant and prominent Companion of the Prophet. There is no information about his life before Islam, except that some sources say that he was a descendant of the Banū Jumaḥ, without mentioning his father, and that his mother, Ḥumāma (sometimes misspelt as Jumāma) was one of their slaves. Other sources refer to him as Bilāl b. Rabāḥ, claiming that his father was an Abyssinian captive. Bilāl is also sometimes referred to by his mother’s name as Bilāl b. Ḥumāma. Bilāl’s kunya is also a matter …