After the conquest of Transoxania and Turkistan, Chagatāy’s armies and those of his sons were given winter and summer camping grounds that extended from Samarqand to Bīsh Bālīgh (the former capital of the Uighurs) near Turfan, in the Xinjiang region. His realm was reportedly so safe and orderly that no traveller needed a companion or a guard (Waṣṣāf, 580; Shabānkara⁠ʾī, 246).

Chaghatāy accompanied his father on his campaign against northern China in early 607/1211, and on his great campaign against the land westwards. According to Rashīd al-Dīn (1/443–447…