Crowns in Persian History

According to Persian mythology, Kiyūmarth was the first king to adopt the crown (Firdawsī, 1/21; al-Masʿūdī, Murūj al-dhahab, 1/261). Later stories on the other hand refer to Jamshīd his great-great-grandson, in this respect (see for instance Fakhr Mudabbir, 7).

Early inscriptions, stone reliefs and coins offer some useful information about crowns in ancient Iran. In his Cyropaedia, the Greek author Xenophon me…