Fakhr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ṣamad Hamadān ī, also known as Ḥāʾirī (d. 1216/1802), a jurist, uṣūlī scholar, philosopher, theologian, grammarian, as well as a widely respected mystic of the Niʿmat Allāhī order in the 12th/18th and early 13th/19th centuries.

Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn Shīrwānī refers to him as the most learned individual of his day, who had, at the very least, reached the rank of a mujtahid, and attained a high degree of ascetism and piety (Shīrwānī, Bustān, 613). Equally, he is considered to be one of th…