Ḥasan b. Ayyūb al-Rammāḥ (636–694/1239–1294), given the title Najm al-Dīn and known as al-Aḥdab (‘the hunchback’), an engineer and writer on the arts of war (see al-Rammāḥ, intro. 17; Sarton, 2/1039). According to several sources he is likely to have been born and raised in Syria (Sarton, 2/1039), lived during the early period of Mamlūk rule there (648–922/1250–1515), and died there in 694/1294 (see al-Hassan, Islamic Technology, 94; Cook, 44; Brockelmann, SI/905). Ḥasan, whose name al-Rammāḥ means lancer, seems to have been an experienced soldier himself and …