, a Muslim educational and reform society established at Kānpūr (Cawnpore) in north India in 1310/1892 (moved to Lucknow in 1316/1898) to (a) evolve a new educational system by amalgamating the “old” and the “modern” curricula, and (b) to eliminate sectarian differences among Muslims. As Nadwa , as it is popularly called, failed to impress upon other madrasas ¶ to, adopt its suggested curricula, it established in 1898 at Lucknow its own educational institution, Dār al-ʿUlūm, which is now more famous than the society itself.

During the first half of the 19th century, English-lang…