Ḥammūda Bāshā (Pasha) (r. 1196–1229/1782–1814) was the son of ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn Bey (r. 1172–96/1759–82) and a Georgian slave (jāriya). He was designated heir to the throne at the age of eighteen, when his father requested that the Ottoman sultan issue a firman of investiture for Ḥammūda. The investiture ceremony took place in Bārdū Palace, in Tunis, on 1 Muḥarram 1191/9 February 1777. The Muslim religious scholars (ʿulamāʾ), the heads of civil and military institutions, and the notables of the city of Tunis renewed the bayʿa (pledge of allegiance) to him on his father’s death i…