The mangır (mānqīr) was a copper coin that was typically used as small change. The first Islamic states, the Seljuks (Saljūq), and the Turkish beyliks in Anatolia also minted copper coins. Since they were not made of precious metals, such as gold or silver, mangırs circulated in the market with a nominal value that was designated by the state.

The Ottoman state introduced many types of copper coin into the market, including pul (pūl) and fülus (fulūs). Some copper coins lacked the place and date of minting; some only featured designs. These designs were inspired by reli…