Ḥāfiẓ Jamāl Muḥammad Multānī (d. 1811) was a prominent Indian Ṣūfī of the Chishtiyya order in Multān, Panjāb. He is known mainly as a ḥāfiẓ (one who has memorised the Qurʾān) and as a religious scholar, poet, and protector of the city of Multān. He was the first Ṣūfī to spread Chishtiyya activities in the region (the Chishtiyya probably originated in Chisht, near Herat, towards the end of the sixth/twelfth century and was introduced into India by Muʿīn al-Dīn Sijzī, d. 627/1230). From the ninth/fifteenth and twelfth/ei…