Ḥusayn ʿAlī Muntaẓarī (1922–2009) was a leading Iranian Shīʿī jurist and revolutionary figure. He received his seminary education under the supervision of Shīʿī luminaries such as Muḥammad Ḥusayn (known as ʿAllāma) Ṭabāṭabāʾī (d. 1981), Āyatallāh Ḥusayn Burūjirdī (d. 1961), and Āyatallāh Rūḥallāh Khumaynī (d. 1989), and rose through the ranks of the Shīʿī religious hierarchy, reaching its highest stage to become a grand āyatallāh. During the years 1985–9, he occupied the second most important political position in the newly formed Islamic Republic and was o…