Mullā Muḥammad Niẓām al-Dīn (d. 1161/1748) was a leading scholar and mystic of early twelfth/eighteenth-century Awadh and the consolidator of the Niẓāmī madrasa curriculum (Dars-i Niẓāmiyya), incorporating the Arabic rational sciences (maʿqūlāt), which has come to be used through much of South Asia down to the present. Niẓām al-Dīn was the third son of Mullā Quṭb al-Dīn Sihālvī, whose murder in 1103/1692 led the Mughal emperor Awrangzīb (r. 1068–1118/1658–1707) to recompense him and his three brothers by assigning them the se…