The Qadariyya was a loosely organised Islamic theological movement promoting the doctrine of human free will. The name Qadariyya, generally applied derogatorily, derives from the movement’s assertion that humans possess qadar, the capacity to determine their own actions. This use of the term contrasts with Qurʾānic references in which qadar is typically associated with God’s volition rather than that of humans. The Qadariyya first appeared in abou…