Chinese interest in anarchism originated in the decade leading up to the Revolution of 1911 and peaked during the early Republic. Following the rise of Marxism-Leninism, most radicals turned away from anarchism by the 1930s, but the historical effects of the doctrine are profound. Notions such as mutual aid, work-study, and "laborism" (laodong zhuyi) spread beyond self-avowed anarchists to influence thousands of students, intellectuals, and political activists. Anarchism was the dominant form of radicalism and socialism into the 1920s, and many of the early Communists …