Since the foundation of the Republic in 1912, the different levels of bureaucratic organization have focused on state protection and conservation of antiquities (guwu baohu). This includes continuing the dynastic activities of collecting treasures and precious items. The reinterpretation of "antiquities" as "cultural relics" (wenwu) appears to have taken place after the foundation of the People's Republic. Cultural goods are separated into antiquary (gudai wenwu: until the end of the Qing period) and contemporary pieces (jindai/xiandai wenwu: after 1912). Similar to the…