The so-called ḥP’ags-pa script was invented in the late 13th century and later named after its inventor Lama ḥP’ags-pa (?1235–1280; also known as Blo-gros rGyal-mtshan in Tibetan, Lodoi ǰaltsan in Mongolian), who was a Tibetan scholar and a religious leader. The invention of the script occurred by a 1269 imperial decree issued by Qubilai Khan (1215–1294), the founder of the Yuán dynasty (1271–1368). This new script was originally called Ménggǔ xīn zì 蒙古新字 ‘new Mongol characters’, or simply guó zì 國字 ‘national script’ in Chinese and is referred to as dörbelǰin üsüg ‘square script’ in M…