Speaking involves the retrieval of semantic, syntactic, and phonological/phonetic information of the target words. How these forms of information relate to each other remains a controversial issue in speech production theories. Serial discrete models (e.g., Levelt et al. 1999), Interactive models (Dell 1986) and Cascaded models (e.g., Humphreys et al. 1988; Morsella and Miozzo 2002) of language production assume different temporal courses in…