1. Baptism and Confirmation

Confirmation owes its existence to baptism, regardless of whether it precedes or follows baptism, or whether it is viewed as the personal acceptance of what was done at baptism. In the early church the sacrament of confirmation (Initiation Rites 2.3–4) administered by the Roman Catholic Church developed out of baptism and originally was part of it. The baptizing presbyter or bishop, after dipping in the water, con…