1. Term
The term “liberal theology” is widely used in modern Protestantism and Judaism, but only marginally in 19th- and early 20th-century Roman Catholicism. It shares the imprecision of the concept of liberalism in politics and culture. Three aspects of its usage call for consideration: in modern Judaism and Christianity, as a doctrine of faith, and as a polemical concept.
1.1. In Modern Judaism and Christianity
In modern Judaism and Christianity theologians are called liberal who view the Enlightenment and mo…