1. Theology of Molina

The term “Molinism” refers to theological systems like that of Spanish Jesuit Luis de Molina (1535–1600), who, in his Concordia liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis (The harmony of free will with gifts of grace), highlighted the role of human cooperation over that of God’s sovereignty in the salvific operation of divine grace.

The doctrine of grace as formulated by the Council of Trent (1545–63) is open to interpretation. It clearly postulates a cooperation of divine grace and the human will as constitutive to s…