1. Term and History

1.1. In antiquity, “system” (Gk. systēma) referred to a whole formed of several parts. In the modern period, “social system” has become a central term. Jurisprudence (Law and Legal Theory), theology, and, above all, theologically inspired philosophy (Philosophy and Theology) reached their peak in social systems theory. According to Heinrich Rombach, with Spinoza and since Spinoza, philosophy becomes a system; the philosophy of the system is philosophy as system (Spinozism). The conc…