Normally in the modern period, the act of adultery could be committed by both married women and married men. Under criminal (see below 2) and civil law (see below 3) alike, adultery had consequences that might vary both regionally and between men and women. The understanding of the act in the modern period was marked by Christian conceptions. Married men and women alike might commit adultery if they infringed their obligations of loyalty arising from the marriage sacrament (Marriage) by having …