1. General
With the rise of nature research and criticism of purely theoretical scholarship in the Early Modern period, the significance of observation, quantification (Quantification and measurement) and experience grew, which, from the 17th century onwards, led in Europe to an increase in the number of animal experiments in medicine and biology (especially from interest in knowledge of anatomy, physiology and embryology) as well as in physics and chemistry [8. 196–217]; [13…