Encyclopedia of Early Modern History Online

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Forced migration
(4,368 words)

1. Introduction

Forced and “free” migration sound like opposites, but in reality they are two ends of a continuum - from the relatively independent decision to migrate to the enforced “transportation.” In the context of mass migrations, like that of southern China and southeast Asia (from the 1830s to the 1930s) and the transatlantic migrations (1815-1914), the me…

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Hoerder, Dirk, “Forced migration”, in: Encyclopedia of Early Modern History Online, Editors of the English edition: Graeme Dunphy, Andrew Gow. Original German Edition: Enzyklopädie der Neuzeit. Im Auftrag des Kulturwissenschaftlichen Instituts (Essen) und in Verbindung mit den Fachherausgebern herausgegeben von Friedrich Jaeger. Copyright © J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung und Carl Ernst Poeschel Verlag GmbH 2005–2012. Consulted online on 19 March 2024 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2352-0272_emho_COM_030914>
First published online: 2015
First print edition: 20180126



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