The term Josephinism was coined soon after the death of Emperor Joseph II (1790). Originally it generally meant his total program of reform, but after 1832 its content was focused on and reduced to his religious policy, with primarily negative overtones [6]. But there was never consensus: some scholars thought of Josephinism as a kind of “Reform Catholicism” [15], while others thought of it as an anti-Roman form of state church [2. vol. 1, 47–55] (Church and state). The latter view…