1. Terminology
The term journalism, with its European variants (German Journalismus, Italian giornalismo, Portuguese jornalismo), did not become established until the first half of the 19th century. Even French journalisme, from which they all derive, did not come into common use until the late 18th century. Etymologically, a journal was initially not a periodical but a diary. The German term Tagesschriftst…