In general terms, judgment is the capacity and act of determination and decision. Transmitted from antiquity and scholasticism, the term (Latin iudicium; cf. French jugement, German Urteil) had a place in all arts and sciences of the early modern period, as well as in law (see below, section 2), politics, and the various crafts and trades of everyday life. In particular, it was constantly disputed whether reason, understanding, or external and internal senses should claim the greatest authority …