The Minister of Justice, alongside the Ministers of the Interior, Foreign Affairs, Finance, and War, is one of the five classical ministers of the European constitutional tradition. By virtue of their respective constitutions, such different countries as Poland (1791), France (1791), and Prussia (1808) had introduced this system at the end of the Ancien Régime and the dawn of the 19th century. Ministers (or “secretaries”) in the modern sense – directors of specific branches of government appointed by the head of state and accountable before the representatives of the people (Mi…