The term “portrait” (French portrait; German Porträt; Italian ritratto; Spanish retrato) is derived from the Latin protrahere (to draw forth; to produce). German also still uses the synonymous Bildnis, but Konterfei has become archaic (from the Latin contra facere, “set in opposition/contrast,” and French contrefaire, “imitate”; see Contrafaction). The Sketchbook of Villard de Honnecourt (c. 1230) already contains the terms portrait and contrefais al vif, …