Today Preiswerk is understood as a form of marketing in the early modern industrial trades and crafts, in which there was a direct connection between the producer and consumer in the form of an order or commission. The term Preiswerk was defined by the economist Karl Bücher in 1893 in his study of the rise of the national economy (developed from the earlier historical school of economics). He distinguished a sequence of three economic stages: (1) the stage of the closed household e…